Which countries and industries emit the most greenhouse gases?

No material short/mid-term sector impact detected for this article; emissions data lacks immediate regulatory triggers. Key risk: if COP31 produces binding agreements or immediate compliance costs.

This is a statistical/visual explainer tied to COP31 with no new policy, price, sanction or company announcement. The only commercial linkage is indirect and structural: power generation (~30%) and heavy industry (~21%, cement/metals/chemicals) are the largest emission sources, so any future COP31-driven carbon regulation would flow through input_cost and compliance_cost channels for utilities and industrial producers. No concrete mechanism, price move, capacity change or named company is present in the text; COP31 outcomes are (not specified).